Extracellular Vesicles (EVs)

• Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound particles, typically ranging from 50 to 200 nanometers in size, that are released by cells and found in most bodily fluids.
• In response to changes in the cellular microenvironment—such as activation, stress, or injury—cells release EVs into the extracellular space. These vesicles are enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane, which protects their bioactive cargo, including proteins, mRNA, and miRNA, from degradation by the body’s immune system.

Cell-Free Stem Cell Therapy

• Cell-free stem cell therapy refers to therapeutic products manufactured by isolating and purifying extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by living stem cells.
• Compared to traditional stem cell therapies, EV-based cell-free treatments offer several key advantages:
  • They retain the paracrine effects, which are the primary mechanism of action in stem cell therapy.
  • They avoid common risks associated with cell-based treatments, such as immune rejection, tumor formation, and vascular blockage.
  • They are more likely to cross the blood-brain barrier, making them particularly promising for treating neurological conditions like stroke.
  • They offer greater safety and stability than cell-based therapies, with fewer limitations in storage, concentration, and large-scale manufacturing.
  As a result, EV-based therapies are emerging as a next-generation therapeutic platform that could potentially replace conventional stem cell treatments.